免疫疗法代表了肿瘤治疗范式的转变。免疫疗法的目标是克服由肿瘤及其微环境引起的免疫抑制,从而允许免疫系统靶向并杀死癌细胞。大约十年前,第一个免疫检查点抑制剂Ipilimumab被批准使用,免疫疗法时代就开始了。这种治疗方法与不同类型的反应相关,包括假进展(即,通过放射学证实肿瘤负担增加,但不伴有临床恶化表现)和超进展(即,由于免疫治疗而导致疾病快速进展)。
背景介绍
观察免疫治疗的反应事件
研究和实践表明,免疫检查点抑制剂反应可能会延迟,临床或放射证据一般在治疗开始后3个月内出现,而且反应可能是非典型的(比如,假性进展、分离性反应或超进展)。此外,不良事件可能被误诊为疾病进展(例如,肺泡内纤维炎性结节和结节病肉芽肿等)。这些过程中的每一个都应被临床识别,并根据识别出的反应进行治疗。
假性进展
分离反应
超进展
不良反应被误解为疾病进展
真正进展后的治疗
进展后的治疗以及原发 vs 获得性耐药
寡进展之后的治疗
在特定的临床场景下进展后的治疗
免疫治疗后的挽救性治疗
结论
参考文献
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